000			02709aab a2200253 4500
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022			_a0889-3241
100			_aShin Hau Bong _9882077
100			_aBehzad Nematollahi _9882078
100			_aViktor Mechtcherine _9882079
100			_aVictor C. Li _9173742
100			_aKamal H. Khayat _9882080
245			_aThree-Dimensional-Printed Engineered, Strain-Hardening Geopolymer Composite as Permanent Formwork for Construction of Reinforced Concrete Beam
300			_a37-48 p.
520			_aExtrusion-based concrete printing technology allows the fabrication of permanent formwork with intricate shapes, into which fresh concrete is cast to build structural members with complex geometries. This significantly enhances the geometric freedom of concrete structures without the use of expensive temporary formwork. In addition, with proper material choice for the permanent formwork, the load-bearing capacity and durability of the resulting structure can be improved. This paper investigates the concrete printing of permanent formwork for reinforced concrete (RC) beam construction. A three-dimensional (3-D)-printable engineered geopolymer composite or strain-hardening geopolymer composite (3DP-EGC or 3DP-SHGC), recently developed by the authors, was used to fabricate the permanent formwork. The 3DP-EGC exhibits strainhardening behavior under direct tension. Two different printing patterns were used for the soffit of the permanent formwork to investigate the effect of this parameter on the flexural performance of RC beams. A conventionally mold-cast RC beam was also prepared as the control beam for comparison purposes. The results showed that the RC beams constructed using the 3DP-EGC permanent formwork exhibited superior flexural performance to the control beam. Such beams yielded significantly higher cracking load (up to 43%), deflection at ultimate load (up to 60%), ductility index (50%), and absorbed energy (up to 107%) than those of the control beam. The ultimate load was comparable with or slightly higher than that of the control beam. Furthermore, the printing pattern at the soffit of the permanent formwork was found to significantly influence the flexural performance of the RC beams.
650			_aEngineered Geopolymer Composite (EGC) _9882081
650			_aPermanent Formwork _9882082
650			_aReinforced Concrete Beam _9171051
650			_aStrain Hardening _9761094
650			_aThree-Dimensional (3-D) Concrete Printing _9882083
773	0		_dFarmington Hills,MI, U.S.A : American Concrete Institute _x08893241 _tACI Structural Journal
856			_uDOI: 10.14359/51739159
942			_2ddc _n0 _cART _o14993 _pMr. Muhammad Rafique Al Haj Rajab Ali (Late)
999			_c815193 _d815193