In this study, a continuum isotropic plastic damage evolution model has been derived in the framework of internal variable theory of thermodynamics. A new dissipation potential function has been suggested as a basis for developing the high-order damage evolution model based on continuum damage mechanics (CDM) theory. Subsequently, a high-order non-linear damage evolution model is derived. The damage model is based on the concept of effective stress and the principle of strain equivalence. The performance of the developed model is studied by comparing it with experimental data available in the literature for materials like aluminum, copper, spheroidized steel, and steel—XC38. The damage model is found to be versatile and is able to represent the experimental damage evolution patterns with a close agreement.